LGBT themes in mythology occur in mythologies and religious narratives that include stories of romantic affection or sexuality between figures of the same sex or that feature divine actions that result in changes in gender. These myths are considered by some modern Queer scholars to be forms of lesbian , gay , bisexual , or transgender expression, and modern conceptions of sexuality and gender have been retroactively applied to them. Many mythologies ascribe homosexuality and gender fluidity in humans to the action of gods or of other supernatural interventions. The alleged presence of "LGBT" themes in Western mythologies has become the subject of intense study.

When exploring the ancient Greek ideas surrounding homosexuality one is bound to come across numerous accounts of male same-sex relations. However, very little is known about female same-sex relations or even female sexuality in general. The only well-known source of lesbianism from ancient Greece appears initially to be Sappho. Only within the last half-century has there been strong interest in female and queer sexuality historically.

Lesbianism is the sexual and romantic desire between females. There are historically far fewer mentions of lesbianism than male homosexuality , due to many historical writings and records focusing primarily on men. The evidence about female homosexuality in the ancient Greek world is limited, with it being hardly mentioned in extant Greek literature. At least among these Athenian men, the discussion and depiction of female homosexual activity seems to have been taboo.

The word lesbian means a female homosexual or woman who is primarily attracted to other women. Where did this word come from? The term came to describe women who love women after the island's most famous resident, the poet Sappho.